The yen rose to a four-week high against the dollar after Lawrence Summers said the U.S. economy will keep shrinking and as the spread of swine flu boosted demand for Japan’s currency as a refuge from the recession. The yen strengthened against all 16 of the most-traded currencies after Summers, director of the White House National Economic Council, said yesterday the U.S. economy will experience “sharp declines in employment for quite some time this year.” The Mexican peso and the Australian and New Zealand dollars led declines in high-yielding currencies as the number of cases of swine flu increased worldwide, leading to concern tourism will slump. “The market is returning to pessimism-driven trading,” said Daisuke Uno, chief strategist in Tokyo at Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corp., a unit of Japan’s third-largest bank. “This means that the yen may be bought.” The yen advanced to 96.67 per dollar as of 1:48 p.m. in Tokyo from 97.17 last week in New York. Japan’s currency advanced to 127.26 per euro from 128.66. The dollar climbed to $1.3165 per euro from $1.3242 last week. The Australian dollar fell 1.5 percent to 71.22 U.S. cents, the New Zealand currency dropped 1.5 percent to 56.36 U.S. cents and the Mexican peso declined 2.3 percent to 13.6475 per dollar. The yen may strengthen to 90 against the greenback by the middle of next month, Uno said. Summers’ comments on “Fox News Sunday” came before a U.S. report in two days that economists say will show the world’s largest economy contracted 4.7 percent in the first quarter, after shrinking 6.3 percent in the final three months of 2008. Swine Flu The Mexican peso fell for a second day against the dollar after U.S. President Barack Obama’s administration declared a public health emergency and released stockpiles of medicine because of a growing number of swine flu cases in the U.S. and Mexico. New illnesses were also confirmed in Canada, and suspected in Brazil, Europe and New Zealand. Mexico has requested the closure of bars, movie theaters and churches in the capital to fight swine flu. Foreign tourism brought $13.3 billion into the economy last year, making it Mexico’s third-largest source of foreign currency behind oil exports and remittances from nationals living abroad. Private consumption accounts for about 50 percent of total demand for goods and services in the economy. “The outbreak of swine flu sparked concerns about geopolitical risk and enhanced risk aversion,” said Kenichi Yumoto , head of foreign exchange sales in Tokyo at Societe Generale SA, France’s third-largest bank. “This led to buying of the yen.” Euro Falls The euro weakened for a second day against the yen on concern the European Central Bank will signal it intends to take additional measures to push down borrowing costs after lowering its policy interest rate at its next meeting on May 7. ECB President Jean-Claude Trichet may suggest he will lower rates further when he speaks today at a conference on trends in global finance at the New York Federal Reserve Bank. Vitor Constancio, a member of the ECB governing council, speaks at a conference on corporate governance and consumer interest in Lisbon. “As well as the expected cut, there is also a chance of the ECB introducing so-called quantitative monetary easing,” said Kengo Suzuki, a currency strategist at Shinko Securities Co. in Tokyo. “This prospect may weigh on the euro.” Quantitative easing is when a central bank buys public or private debt to add liquidity into the banking system. Below 1 Percent ECB council member Nout Wellink said the bank should consider lowering the benchmark rate below 1 percent, Market News International reported yesterday, citing an interview. “This is part of a discussion we should have in the governing council,” Wellink told the news agency in Washington. “Of course that should be discussed.” Investors in the past week raised bets the ECB will reduce its 1.25 percent target lending rate at its May 7 meeting. The implied yield on the three-month Euribor interest-rate futures contract for June delivery fell to 1.295 percent from 1.325 percent a week ago. Investors bullish on the U.S. economy say the dollar will strengthen as America recovers first from the global economic recession. Those who expect the longest contraction since the early 1980s to continue say the currency should appreciate as the haven from turmoil in world markets. Foreign investors bought a net $22 billion of U.S. financial assets in February, the Treasury Department said April 15. Foreign Demand “The equity-flow data have been dollar supportive almost any way you look at it,” said Robert Blake, head of strategy for North America in Boston at State Street Global Markets LLC, which has $11.3 trillion in assets under custody. When people flood into the equity market they’ve been buying the dollar as well.” So far, the data show undiminished foreign demand for U.S. financial assets. Net purchases totaled $22 billion in February as China and Japan added to their holdings of U.S. government debt, the Treasury said. The Fed’s holdings of Treasuries on behalf of foreign central banks and other institutions rose 8.7 percent this year to $1.84 trillion. More foreign money flowed into U.S. stock markets in the 20 business days ended April 15 than in 69 percent of the other 20- day periods going back to 1997, according to State Street data. The five-day flow was in the 77.6 percentile, compared with outflows in the last six months that were higher than 86.4 percent of past periods, the data showed.

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